Former Scotland defender Gordon McQueen likely died from pneumonia as a result of a combination of vascular dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) caused by repetitive head impacts sustained from heading a football. His daughter confirmed he had discussed the potential link between heading the ball and his dementia. McQueen had a successful football career, playing for clubs such as Leeds and Manchester United, and later worked as a coach and pundit before his death in June 2023 at the age of 70.

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